Abstract
Biogas production from biomass is an eco-friendly approach that offers renewable energy generation, waste recycling, biofertilizer production along with maintaining environmental quality. Anaerobic decomposition is a familiar practice used for biogas production in worldwide, whereas only few substrates were convenient for attaining desired methane concentration in biogas. Hence, further advancements are necessary for the exploration and utilization of various complex organic materials for the purpose. This article gives a clear outlook on potential of various biomass for biogas production, necessity of pretreatment, applicability of microbial/enzyme addition, maintenance of various process parameters, formulation of suitable digester designs and future scope of this area. The livestock wastes and agricultural wastes possess high energy generation potential (71%) and sustainable utilization of such wastes are admirable to commercialize biogas production in future. Hence, selection of biomass through biochemical methane potential (BMP) analysis and biomass pretreatment prior to anaerobic decomposition is adequate to improve the quality and quantity of generated biogas. Addition of effective microorganisms or respective enzymes along with the employment of suitable bioreactors, are other perspectives to enhance decomposition. The single-stage and multi-stage systems possess much attention than other types of reactors since that offers accurate process management at four different stages of decomposition. Moreover, the maintenances of optimum pH, temperature, volatile fatty acids, carbon/nitrogen ratio, etc. are crucial to evade system unsteadiness during decomposition. Since comprehensive mathematical models are appropriate to make the anaerobic decomposition process economically feasible and advancement with these forecasts are adequate to commercialize this technology in the future.
Highlights
Though many resources exist to meet energy demand, bioenergy draws more attention since it reduces the overreliance of fossil fuel, in addition to partake carbon neutral property [1]
Anaerobic decomposition is a familiar practice used for biogas production in worldwide, whereas only few substrates were convenient for attaining desired methane concentration in biogas
Biogas production is influenced by a number of parameters such as feedstock’s potential, digester design, inoculum size, substrate nature, pH, temperature, loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and so on [34,26]
Summary
Though many resources exist to meet energy demand, bioenergy draws more attention since it reduces the overreliance of fossil fuel, in addition to partake carbon neutral property [1]. The first anaerobic digester in India was built in Bombay as a part of promoting renewable energy technology [4] This technology has gained attention over other energy generation technologies due to its multiple benefits such as energy and heat generation, waste recycling, biofertilizer production, environmental protection from pollutants, greenhouse gas reduction, etc. A deep understanding of the rate-limiting factors of biogas production is adequate and contemporary research and development of various prospects of anaerobic decomposition might significantly improve the methane concentration of biogas to accomplish its industrialization. There were several factors that influence the decomposition process with respect to different stages, biomass feedstock, type of bioreactors, etc In this context, this article discusses the factors that remote the degradation of biomass and further prospects for enhancing biogas production with various aspects
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