Abstract
Environmental and economic problems associated with land disposal of coal ash wastes have stimulated a search for alternatives. Attention has recently focused on disposal of stabilized blocks of waste in aquatic ecosystems as artificial reefs. The reef environment depends on interaction among the coal waste material and the natural ecosystem at the site. Successful reefs resist being transported or decomposed, and support a rich epilithic biota. When these conditions are met, reefs can enhance recreational fisheries. When commercial fisheries are exceptionally valuable or limited by hard substrate reefs may enhance commercial fisheries. Research needs for coal waste reef programs in marine and estuarine environments include detailed assessment of leachate, mesocosm studies, and pilot emplacement monitoring.
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