Abstract
The paper discusses scientific and technological grounds for using peat, its wastes and processing products as sorption materials for liquidation of pollutions on water and oil basis. A negative effect on the hydro-physical properties of peat by hysteresis phenomena occurring during drying is noted. Use of optimal concentrations of mineral hydrophilic additives in peat matrix allows to increase speed and capacity of sorption. A working hypothesis is proposed that explains the physical and chemical mechanism for increasing quality of composite sorbents. A principal technological scheme for obtaining sorption materials based on peat is developed. It allows to take into account possible transitions between stages of the technological process, which reduce its cost.
Highlights
Various types of sorption materials are widely used for purification of liquid and gaseous mixtures, as well as for selective extraction of pollution agents from solutions
It is due to the variety of raw material resources, as well as its unique physical and chemical properties
A relatively small waterabsorbing ability of clays does not ensure their use as effective sorption materials
Summary
Various types of sorption materials are widely used for purification of liquid and gaseous mixtures, as well as for selective extraction of pollution agents from solutions. Depending on the requirements for the process of sorption, synthetic and natural materials are used, as well as various types of processing wastes. Peat as a natural sorbent and a raw material occupies a special place among them [1,2,3]. It is due to the variety of raw material resources, as well as its unique physical and chemical properties. Organic matter of peat has the ability to form bonds between water molecule and the material by means of hydrogen, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole interactions. Weak interactions can be carried out with aromatic sections and sections with unsaturated bonds. This occurs due to unpaired electrons present in them and due to the Van der Waals forces. The microstructure of native peat associates is responsible for the amount of physico-chemically and osmotically bound water
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