Abstract
The growing demand for high-power-density electric and electronic systems has encouraged the development of energy-storage capacitors with attributes such as high energy density, high capacitance density, high voltage and frequency, low weight, high-temperature operability, and environmental friendliness. Compared with their electrolytic and film counterparts, energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) stand out for their extremely low equivalent series resistanceand equivalent series inductance, high current handling capability, and high-temperature stability. These characteristics are important for applications including fast-switching third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductors in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, and smart grids. There have been numerous reports on state-of-the-art MLCC energy-storage solutions. However, lead-free capacitors generally have a low-energy density, and high-energy densitycapacitors frequently contain lead, which is a key issue that hinders their broad application. In this review, we present perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage MLCCs. Initially, the energy-storage mechanism and device characterization are introduced; then, dielectric ceramics for energy-storage applications with aspects of composition and structural optimization are summarized. Progress on state-of-the-art energy-storage MLCCs is discussed after elaboration of the fabrication process and structural design of the electrode. Emerging applications of energy-storage MLCCs are then discussed in terms of advanced pulsed power sources and high-density power converters from a theoretical and technological point of view. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for industrialization of lab-scale lead-free energy-storage MLCCs are discussed.
Highlights
In recent decades, the consumption of energy and natural resources has increased alongside our growing population and social and technical advancements
The large volume would introduce a large equivalent series inductance (ESL), which may result in damage or even failure of semiconductor devices when quickly switched
With the goal of optimizing the composition of dielectric materials, the manufacturing process, and the structure of materials and devices, many researchers have made great effort to develop highly reliable multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) devices with high energy densities, high energy conversion efficiencies, high power densities, high capacitances, and broad operational temperature ranges via simulations and experiments
Summary
The consumption of energy and natural resources has increased alongside our growing population and social and technical advancements. Compared with other energy-storage devices, dielectric capacitors have ultra-high power densities > 10 kW·kg–1, and they have ultra-high charging and discharging speed, which can release stored energy in the microsecond or nanosecond time scale, enabling an extremely high pulse power. They have positive attributes including ultra-long cycle life, safety, and reliability. The large volume would introduce a large equivalent series inductance (ESL), which may result in damage or even failure of semiconductor devices when quickly switched This means that these capacitors cannot currently meet the requirements for application in electronic devices and systems that require compact and light integrated capacitors [5,6]. Methods such as polymorphic nanodomain design [10] and strain engineering [11] have been demonstrated to effectively
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
