Perspective sur l’histoire québécoise de la psychiatrie : le cas de l’asile de Québec

Abstract

The history of insanity in whatever setting often introduces a dual interest : from a non-medical perspective, it reveals the repressive nature of society and the evolution of groups in power within this society : in that sense, one discovers that the objectives of the organization taking charge of insanity translates differently according its social definition of insanity at a moment in time and according to the interests that dominate at this same time. On the other hand, from a medical perspective, such history tends to illustrate original social deviancy and social norms and professional concepts of insanity and its treatment tend nonetheless to be inspired by the existing social order indirectly justified. It's in this perspective that we have elaborated the history of the Centre Hospitalier Robert-Giffard, the first psychiatric hospital in Lower Canada. The history covers 5 specific periods : the political and religious period, the period of professional colonialism during the union with Lower Canada, the asylum period, the hospital period or franco-religious when a neurological concept of insanity prevailed, the psychiatric period where insanity becomes a mental illness that is treatable both biologically and psychologically and finally the period where insanity tends to fall back to social deviancy that must be taken in charge by social science experts. The authors end their article with an overview of a more community-oriented period.