Perspective: Reducing SARS-CoV2 Infectivity and Its Associated Immunopathology.

Abhishek Dubey,Surbhi Dahiya,Sharvan Sehrawat,Barry T Rouse

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.581076

Abstract

COVID-19 has become difficult to contain in our interconnected world. In this article, we discuss some approaches that could reduce the consequences of COVID-19. We elaborate upon the utility of camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), also referred to as nanobodies, which are naturally poised to neutralize viruses without enhancing its infectivity. Smaller sized sdAbs can be easily selected using microbes or the subcellular organelle display methods and can neutralize SARS-CoV2 infectivity. We also discuss issues related to their production using scalable platforms. The favorable outcome of the infection is evident in patients when the inflammatory response is adequately curtailed. Therefore, we discuss approaches to mitigate hyperinflammatory reactions initiated by SARS-CoV2 but orchestrated by immune mediators.

Highlights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) caused COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost all countries, and it has caused a widespread shutdown in normal lifestyle worldwide [1]
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that COVID-19 is predominantly an immunopathological response resulting from dysregulated differentiation of innate and adaptive immune cells following SARS-CoV2 infection [10, 11, 33].We highlight some antiinflammatory approaches that can help mitigate inflammation to achieve a favorable disease outcome
The patients infected with previously circulating SARS-CoV exhibited pulmonary tissue damage, followed by a prolonged recovery phase due to severe lung pathologies but COVID-19 patients, unlike those infected with previously circulating coronaviruses, shed more virus during early stages of infection [85, 95]

Summary

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) caused COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost all countries, and it has caused a widespread shutdown in normal lifestyle worldwide [1]. With the increasing number of studies evaluating B and T cell responses against different epitopes in SARS-CoV2, sdAbs can be selected against multiple viral epitopes to yield potent, multispecific formulations. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that COVID-19 is predominantly an immunopathological response resulting from dysregulated differentiation of innate and adaptive immune cells following SARS-CoV2 infection [10, 11, 33].We highlight some antiinflammatory approaches that can help mitigate inflammation to achieve a favorable disease outcome.

Results

Conclusion