Abstract
In this Perspective, we present that polariton modes hosted in two-dimensional (2D) materials can be used to increase and control light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. We analyze the optical response of the most used 2D material nanostructures that support plasmon, exciton, and phonon polariton modes. Polariton characteristic lengths are used to assess the hybrid light–matter modes of different 2D material monolayers and nanoribbons. We present that the 2D material nanodisk can act like a cavity that supports localized polariton modes, which can be excited by a nearby placed quantum system to present ultra-fast and ultra-bright operation. The key to achieve high quality 2D polariton modes is to reduce material losses. Thus, state-of-the-art exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and transferring techniques of 2D materials are introduced to fabricate nanostructures that fulfill the stringent requirements of applications in photonics, optoelectronics, and quantum technologies.
Highlights
Light–matter interactions are weak; in order to overcome such a drawback, noble metal nanoparticles that support polariton modes are used.[1,2] the optical response of the metal nanoparticles is limited to the visible part of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, and high material losses reduce their functionality.[3]
1International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan 2International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: KARANIKOLAS.Vasileios@nims.go.jp. In this Perspective, we present that polariton modes hosted in two-dimensional (2D) materials can be used to increase and control light– matter interactions at the nanoscale
We present that the 2D material nanodisk can act like a cavity that supports localized polariton modes, which can be excited by a nearby placed quantum system to present ultra-fast and ultra-bright operation
Summary
Light–matter interactions are weak; in order to overcome such a drawback, noble metal nanoparticles that support polariton modes are used.[1,2] the optical response of the metal nanoparticles is limited to the visible part of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, and high material losses reduce their functionality.[3]. The QSs considered in this Perspective are localized natural or artificial photon sources These QSs usually present a slow operation when they are in a homogeneous medium, making them susceptible to dephasing and decoherence effects due to interaction with their environment.[31] To accelerate the QSs’ operation, we introduce one additional path of relaxation, the polariton modes of 2D material nanostructures. Using the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques presented, high quality 2D materials supporting polariton modes can be fabricated In this Perspective, the macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (mQED) theory is used to theoretically investigate the light–matter interactions. The conclusions of our Perspective are drawn, and the possible steps for fabricating 2D material photonic devices are presented
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