PERSPECTIVE OF WORLD AGRICULTURE

Abstract

The development of agriculture will lead to the growth of rural population’s income, a process that will have at least two consequences of major importance: increase of villagers’ purchasing power and decreasing of the exodus to town of the labor power – fact that significantly aggravates, today, the problem of developing countries’ urbanization. But, first of all, a proper agriculture for the society needs means to solve alimentary issue. Analizing the agriculture and nourishment as a global issue it is necessary to have a general look upon the gaps between the already developed countries and the countries which are developping. There is a large number of indicators to evaluate the gaps between different countries, in what agriculture is concerned, such as: the weight of the agriculture within the national gross income and within active population, the output per hectare, the technical endowment of the agriculture, the consumption of fertilizers per hectare etc. In the already developed countries we have a tendency of general increase in what the production per hectare is concerned. The increase of the grains production is very significant : comparing to the period 1969-1971, the increase was of 1,7 times in 1991-1992, and it will be of 2,6 times bigger in 2010. The increase of the soy production was also very spectacular: of 12 times and of 26 times, refering to the same periods. The countries which are now in the process of development should be offered agricultural technologies which they could adopt and use. This necessity requires to take into account the historical, cultural and social conditions of these countries. In this way, the type of the agricultural development will not necessarily be an immitation of the experience of the developed countries, which is very important in agriculture which is the main economic activity in such countries, the traditions of which could prove to be, in many cases, still very efficient. If we want to give a positive example regarding the agriculture of the developping countries, this is the so-called „green revolution”. We can foresee that the cereals will remain the most important category of products in the developping countries, and we ground this assumption on the hypothesis that the production technologies won’t change significantly. As a conclusion, I will say that nowhere in the world agriculture alone is enough to solve the problem of population’s nourishment, if it is not organized in modern structures and it is not integrated into the adjacent industrial branches that are supporting it, and if the rural infrastructures are not modernized.