Perspective mutant forms of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in the collection of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops

Abstract

The article presents long-term data on the study of yield, biochemical parameters (tannin and extractive substances) and quality of tea raw materials (by the average mass of three-leaf fl ushes) of perspective mutant induced forms of tea breeding by Georgian scientists: 582 (radio mutant – aneuploid 2n = 36); 2264 (сolchicine mutant – mixoploid 2n = 38); 3823 (radio mutant – myxoploid 2n = 42). Standard Kolkhida variety was chosen as a control. The collection was planted in 1986 in CJSC «Dagomyschay» and is administered by the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Vegetation of radio-mutant forms proceeded more actively, adaptability to summer drought was quite pronounced. By productivity, the following radiomutant forms can be distinguished: 582 (49.8 kg / ha) and 3823 (55.2 center/ha), with an excess over the control variety Kolkhida on 13.4-25.7 %. To a greater extent, the colchimutant form 2264 (30.2 C/ha) was inferior to the control, the credible diff erence was 31.2 %. In terms of the average weight of three-leaf fl ushes, the advantage was also in the mutant forms, it is 1.0 g and 0.96 g for the forms 3823 and 582, respectively, in the control variety the average weight was 0.89 g. It should be noting that the average mass of 3-leaf fl ushes was 0.4 g on the commercial plantations fi lled with local tea population. The biochemical parameters on tannin and extractive substances showed highest quality of fresh leaf yield of all mutant forms. At the same time, on this position, the mutant form 582 dominated, the tannin parameters exceeded the control variety Kolkhida by 2.6 %, the presence of extractive substances by 0.9 % (the infusion was moreintense). All the studying induced mutant tea forms represent practical interest for gene pool replenishment, breeding and implementation in commercial tea growing.