Perspectivas inter e transdisciplinares do direito à sustentabilidade ambiental local no Brasil e Espanha: desafios ao combate à crescente despopulação rural

Abstract

PROBLEMATIC: The environment should have its intrinsic value considered and the vital cycles of nature should be preserved as much as possible in order to avoid the socio-environmental problems that exist in the world today. But what are these problems and how will they be minimized from an interdisciplinary and, therefore, socio-legal perspective, in the Brazilian and Spanish space? OBJECTIVES: The present article aims to investigate the challenges to combating depopulation in the rural sphere, from the inter and transdisciplinary perspectives of the right to environmental sustainability. Thus, the specific objectives are: a) to analyze the conceptual contributions of the environment in Brazil and Spain: an approach based on the binomial sustainability and the fight against rural depopulation; b) to study sustainability and its implementation as a subjective right of the community in the Brazilian and Spanish rural spheres. For this purpose, the monographic procedure and deductive approach methods are used, and the research technique is bibliographic. METHODOLOGY: The monographic procedure methods are used, such as the study of certain individuals, professions, conditions, institutions, groups or communities, with the purpose of obtaining generalizations. Furthermore, the approach method is deductive and the research technique is bibliographic. RESULTS: There is a clear need to think of alternatives for socio-environmental problems, either through public policies or through the Law in the construction of guidelines, aiming at minimizing or even solving the problem of rural depopulation and environmental degradation, thus implementing smart rural communities and sustainability as a fundamental right, and consequently making the rural environment more productive, both in Brazil and in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Focusing the analysis on the Spanish national sphere, we conclude that there are particularities and problems related to the environment in Brazil and Spain, which require alternatives to solve the problems. Therefore, it is evident that the current challenge for municipalities, regardless of their size, is to create conditions that ensure a quality of life that can be considered dignified and acceptable and that does not interfere with the environment and its surroundings, but that acts in a preventive way to avoid the continuity of degradation levels of vital cycles. Furthermore, another essential aspect is social and technological inclusion, which implies a paradigmatic transformation, given that it constitutes a complementary element for achieving economic development, but one that is compatible with equity and social justice.