Personally salient, emotionally negative task contexts provoke goal neglect in depression.

Aliza Werner-Seidler,Tom Manly,Tim Dalgleish,Theresa Dahm,Ann-Marie Golden

doi:10.1017/s0033291719000886

Abstract

Goal neglect refers to a dissociation between intended and actual action. Although commonly associated with frontal brain damage, this phenomenon is also characteristic of clinical depression. To date, tests of goal neglect typically require individuals to switch between subtasks populated with neutral stimuli. This study examined the impact of affective and personally salient stimulus contexts on goal neglect in clinical depression. Participants were randomly allocated to either positively or negatively-valenced versions of the Affective Six Elements Test (A-SET). We hypothesised that depressed individuals (n = 30) would exhibit an overall impairment in A-SET performance by neglecting entire subtasks and allocating suboptimal time to each task, relative to never-depressed peers (n = 30), with effects being strongest for the negatively-valenced version. Findings showed that depressed individuals exhibited specific deficits, relative to controls on these measures in the negative A-SET only, with a magnitude comparable to that found in brain injured patients. Individuals with depression are impaired in their ability to monitor performance and implement strategies that are optimal for the purpose of pursuing an overarching goal when the task context is negatively-valenced. Potential mechanisms are discussed.

Highlights

Goal neglect refers to a dissociation between intended and actual action
The exception was that the never-depressed group were more likely to be university educated than the depressed group ( p = 0.001) which is unsurprising given the effects of chronic, recurrent depression on educational attainment
Had we sought to match groups on educational attainment, it would be likely that the depressed groups would have had higher estimated IQ scores on the National Adult Reading Test (NART) and it was this latter variable that we deemed more important to match within our sample

Summary

Introduction

Goal neglect refers to a dissociation between intended and actual action. commonly associated with frontal brain damage, this phenomenon is characteristic of clinical depression. This study examined the impact of affective and personally salient stimulus contexts on goal neglect in clinical depression. Participants were randomly allocated to either positively or negatively-valenced versions of the Affective Six Elements Test (A-SET). We hypothesised that depressed individuals (n = 30) would exhibit an overall impairment in A-SET performance by neglecting entire subtasks and allocating suboptimal time to each task, relative to never-depressed peers (n = 30), with effects being strongest for the negatively-valenced version. Findings showed that depressed individuals exhibited specific deficits, relative to controls on these measures in the negative A-SET only, with a magnitude comparable to that found in brain injured patients. Individuals with depression are impaired in their ability to monitor performance and implement strategies that are optimal for the purpose of pursuing an overarching goal when the task context is negatively-valenced.

Methods

Results

Conclusion