Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) provides physical activity guidelines tailored to diverse populations and life stages, with an emphasis on aerobic and strength exercises. Despite endorsements from private and public institutions, the recommendations lack real personalization and fail to consider the multidimensional, dynamic, subjective and context-dependent nature of health and fitness. Drawing on recent research, this work aims to: a) review the theoretical assumptions and evidence-based research behind the WHO guidelines, b) update the guidelines on the basis of Complex Systems Science and Network Physiology, and c) reveal how to empower users/patients to transition from dependency on prescriptions to self-efficacy. The proposed exercise criteria aim to foster adherence, interoceptive awareness, self-regulation and self-responsibility towards health and fitness. ResumL'Organització Mundial de la Salut (OMS) proporciona pautes d'activitat física adaptades a diverses poblacions i etapes de la vida, amb èmfasi en exercicis aeròbics i de força. Malgrat els suports d'institucions privades i públiques, les recomanacions no personalitzen realment i no tenen en compte la naturalesa multidimensional, dinàmica, subjectiva i dependent del context de la salut i l'estat de forma. Basant-se en investigacions recents, aquest treball té com a objectius: a) revisar els supòsits teòrics i la investigació basada en l'evidència darrere de les directrius de l'OMS, b) actualitzar les directrius sobre la base de la Ciència de Sistemes Complexos i la Fisiologia de Xarxes, i c) revelar com capacitar els usuaris/pacients per passar de la dependència de les prescripcions a l'autoeficàcia. Els criteris d'exercici proposats tenen com a objectiu fomentar l'adherència, la consciència interoceptiva, l'autoregulació i l'autoresponsabilitat cap a la salut i l'estat de forma.

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