Personalized Medical Photoprotection: Determining Optimal Measures for Susceptible Patient Groups

Abstract

Background: Increasing knowledge regarding the deleterious effects of sun exposure and the mechanisms of photodamage has enabled the development of tailored photoprotection strategies based on skin type and the existence of underlying conditions. Dermatologists play an essential role as they identify the specific skin photoprotection needs of their patients. This translates into specific recommendations of suitable protection measures, both in terms of the length and time of the day these patients can be exposed to the sun and the use of sun protection products. Purpose: Our purpose was to overview optimal photoprotection strategies for patients with dermatological pathologies or alterations. Methods: Increasing evidence supports the use of sunscreens containing not only organic and inorganic filters but also non-filtering biological ingredients that can enhance sunscreen protection efficacy. Examples of these biologicals are DNA repair enzymes, antioxidants including vitamins and other biological agents, including those of botanical origin. Results: Oral photoprotection is also an area of increasing interest that contributes to an integral protection against sun-related alterations. Conclusion: This article provides the skin care specialist with a simple, easy-to-use guide to identify appropriate measures for patients presenting pathologies or conditions requiring specific sun protection needs, including (but not limited to) photodermatoses (polymorphic light eruption, porphyrias); inflammatory dermatoses (atopic dermatitis, rosacea, psoriasis); pigmentation disorders (hyperpigmentation, vitiligo), photoaging, skin pre-cancerous lesions and cancers, and photosensitive or sensitized skin (patients undergoing specific drugs treatments or skin-related procedures), ensuring the choice of personalized protection for susceptible groups within the general population.