Personalized approaches to the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Objective — to evaluate the anthropometric indices, the level of blood lipids, as well as their dynamics in the course of modifying of lifestyle in individuals with different variants of polymorphic loci of beta-adrenergic receptor genes.Materials and methods. The study included 110 subjects with moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure, height, weight, and body composition (Body Composition Monitor BF511, Omron) were determined. To assess the physical activity, the questionnaire «International Questionnaire on Physical Activity» was used. A patient was given individualized recommendations for the extension of physical activity developed using the computer program «Metabolism» (Lytech Research and Production Company, RF) based on genetic testing. The level of total cholesterol and its fractions was determined by the enzymatic method (HumaStar 200 analyzer). Genotyping of polymorphic sites of genes ADRB2 (Gln27Glu, C531G, rs1042714 and Agr16Gly, A46G, rs1042713) and ADRB3 (Trp64Agr, T190C, rs4994) was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction (SNP-Express-SHOT reagent kit (Lytech Research and Production Company)). For allelic discrimination, CFX Manager Software was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results and discussion. It has been established that carriers of the CC genotype of the polymorphic locus C531G of the ADRB2 gene, the AA + AG genotype of the polymorphic locus A46G of the ADRB2 gene, and the TC genotype of the T190C polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene had lower proportion of muscle tissue. The increased physical activity in carriers of the AA+AG genotypes of the polymorphic locus A46G of the ADRB2 gene and TT of the T190C locus of the ADRB3 gene was associated with a significant decrease in the proportion of adipose tissue, and increase in the proportion of muscle tissue. With the extension of physical activity, there was a significant decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) in carriers of the TT genotype of the T190C polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene and the AA + AG genotypes of the A46G polymorphic locus of the ADRB2 gene. Carriage of AA + AG genotypes of the polymorphic locus A46G of the ADRB2 gene is associated with a decrease in the proportion of adipose tissue (p = 0.032) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.034).Conclusions. The carriage of the AA + AG genotypes of the polymorphic locus A46G of the ADRB2 gene and the TT genotype of the locus T190C of the ADRB 3 gene is associated with a significant decrease in the proportion of adipose tissue and an increase in the proportion of muscle tissue with increased physical activity. A significant reduction in the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found in carriers of the TT genotype of the T190C polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene and the AA+AG genotypes of the A46G polymorphic locus of the ADRB 2 gene.