Personality Traits, Strategies of Coping with Stress and Psychophysical Wellbeing of Surgical and Non-Surgical Doctors in Poland.

Ewa Marcisz-Dyla,Józefa Dąbek,Tomasz Irzyniec,Czesław Marcisz

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031646

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the personality traits, strategies of coping with stress and psychophysical wellbeing of surgical and non-surgical Polish doctors. The study used the following questionnaires and scales: the Resiliency Assessment Scale, the Type D Personality Scale, the Framingham Type A Scale, the Mini COPE—Coping Inventory and the Wellbeing Scale. Doctors performing surgical specialties were characterized by a significantly higher level of resilience components, a more frequent occurrence of the type B behaviour pattern and less frequent type D personality than doctors performing non-surgical specializations. The Mini COPE point values were comparable between surgical and non-surgical physicians. The sense of psychological wellbeing was higher in surgical specialists. The higher the values of the Optimistic approach to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations, the lower the values of the Turning to religion domain and the higher the values of the Denial domain correlated with the performance of surgical specialization. Men performing surgical specializations were more often optimistic and inclined to consume alcohol, while women with non-surgical specialization more often coped with stress by turning to religion. We conclude that the personality traits of Polish doctors vary depending on their specialization. Physicians’ coping strategies do not differ depending on their specialization. The sense of mental wellbeing is higher in surgical specialists compared to non-surgical specialists. An optimistic approach to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations, as well as coping with stress by denial are associated with the surgical specialization. Men performing surgical specialties more often declare optimism and a tendency to cope with stress by consuming alcohol or psychoactive substances, while women who perform non-surgical specializations more often cope with stress by turning to religion. Psychological screening tests and appropriate training, taking into account medical specialization, could be one way of improving resilience and coping with stress among doctors.

Highlights

The medical profession involving constant contact with illness, suffering and death is associated with an intense experience of stress [1,2]
The scale is used to measure the overall score of resilience level, as well as five factors of resilience, namely: (1) Persistence and determination in action, (2) Openness to experience and sense of humour, (3) Individual’s ability to cope and tolerance of negative emotions, (4) Tolerance of failure and viewing life as a challenge, and (5) An optimistic approach to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations
In comparison with the doctors performing non-surgical specializations, surgical doctors were characterized by statistically significantly higher scores in terms of the overall dimension of resilience and the following components: Individual’s ability to cope and tolerance of negative emotions, Tolerance to failure and viewing life as a challenge, An optimistic attitude to life and the ability to mobilize oneself in difficult situations (p < 0.01)