Abstract
The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) is an established tool for assessing personality disorder (PD) traits that was developed based on section III of the DSM-5. It is composed of 220 items, organized into 25 facets, which are distributed among five domains. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PID-5 remain to be demonstrated. Two samples were embodied in this study that included 3,550 undergraduates and 406 clinical patients. To probe the structure of the PID-5, parallel analyses were conducted to explore the unidimensionality of its 25 facets and a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were carried out to confirm the 25 lower-order facets and their distribution among five higher-order domains. Then, the PID-5 was employed to measure the DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models and to explore the relationship of DSM-IV categorical PDs with DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality traits. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to probe how well DSM-IV categorical PDs correspond with maladaptive personality traits specified in the DSM-5 and five ICD-11 domains. The respective average internal reliability coefficients of the 25 facets obtained for undergraduate and clinical patient samples were 0.76 and 0.81, those obtained for the five DSM-5 domains were 0.89 and 0.91, and those obtained for the five ICD-11 domains were 0.87 and 0.89. Serial CFAs confirmed the rationality of the PID-5's lower-order 25-facet structure and higher-order five-domain structure in both samples. Correlation and regression analyses showed that DSM-5 specified traits explain the variance in PD presentation with a manifold stronger correlation (R2 = 0.24–0.44) than non-specified traits (R2 = 0.04–0.12). Overall, the PID-5 was shown to be a reliable, stable, and structurally valid assessment tool that captures pathological personality traits related to DSM-5 and ICD-11 PDs.
Highlights
IntroductionThe ICD-11 proposes a fully dimensional personality disorder (PD) diagnostic system rather than a categorical PD diagnostic system [6]
To address shortcomings in the DSM-IV categorical personality disorder (PD) diagnosis system—including complex comorbidity, within-category heterogeneity, and arbitrary diagnostic thresholds [1]—section III of the DSM-5 proposed a new hybrid alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) that considers both pathological personality symptoms and maladaptive traits and provides accompanying assessment tools
We explored how well the DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait models fit categorical PDs determined based on the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ)-4+
Summary
The ICD-11 proposes a fully dimensional PD diagnostic system rather than a categorical PD diagnostic system [6] This system proposes five domains—namely, negative affect, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia—to describe prominent PD characteristics [7], which are similar to the five domains in section III of DSM-5, with the exception of anankastia. To harmonize these two systems, scholars developed a new algorithm that uses 18 PID-5 facets to represent the five ICD-11 personality domains [8, 9]
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