Abstract
It has been argued that personality, emotions, and psychological problems contribute to or are primary causes of voice disorders, and that voice disorders in turn create psychological problems and personality effects. This article provides an overview of recent concepts in personality and trait structure, briefly summarizes the “Trait Theory” which explains how personality may contribute to the development of primary muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodules, reviews research aimed at testing the Trait Theory, and discusses clinical implications related to recognizing personality as a factor in the development, maintenance, and treatment of primary muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodules.
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