Abstract
The understanding the place of personality in history, its relationship with power and society as a whole is considered in the paper taking into account geography, social and economic characteristics, historical spiritual origins of the North Caucasian ethnic groups. A retrospective journey into history and philosophy allows comparing the options of the human community developed by peoples and civilizations – the relationship of the individual with power, with the values of freedom, knowledge, experience of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, to search for the most acceptable for Russia and its regions. Much attention is paid to European experience, which managed to accumulate the achievements of upbringing, education and science. In our opinion, the relations of personality and society in European civilization are refracted by a through line of power and knowledge, truth and freedom, perfectly revealed in the philosophical work of Nietzsche and Foucault. Their approach is very critical striking not so much with its objectivity but with pessimism and nihilism. Modern societies are disciplinary, and appropriate procedures as an interrelated sequence of actions of power and society, form such a person, having the ultimate goal of establishing dominance over it. This is not carried out in an obvious way, but by many layers of socio-political and cultural acts of the state. The paper gives preference to a regional civil society with Eurasian basic values that have the character of ideological-forming, resistant to the twists and turns of globalization. They form the spiritual structure of peoples and allow them preserving their identity, which is the goal and task of historical progress. Not the search for some main universal ways of development, but the desire of peoples to sufficiently large, but local civilizations, to communities in which optimal harmony of personality and state, citizen and power, freedom and responsibility is possible.
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