Abstract
Abstract At some time in the early fourth century, an anonymous client of Lysias delivered a speech against an otherwise unknown man called Pankleon. The manuscript title for the speech may roughly be translated as follows: ‘[prosecution] against Pankleon, because (or ‘showing that’) he was not a citizen of Plataia’. Plataia was a small polis and an ally of Athens, which had been destroyed by its mighty neighbour Thebes early in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), and was not to recover its independence until 386. Out of gratitude for services rendered (and in particular for their unique military assistance at the battle of Marathon in 490), Athens rewarded Plataian refugees during their period of exile with a rare privilege: Athenian citizenship. If Pankleon was therefore a Plataian, then in law he was to be treated as an Athenian not as a foreigner.
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