Abstract
Objective: The past few decades have seen an evolution in the understanding of recovery from a clinical-based view that focuses on symptoms and functioning to a more consumer-oriented perspective that focuses on personal recovery. The present study aimed to assess personal recovery among people living with schizophrenia and determine its predictors.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a random sample of 400 people living with schizophrenia (PLS) from twelve community health centers of Hunan, China. Recovery was assessed using the short-form 8-item Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS-8). PLS disability and functioning were assessed using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), respectively.Results: Participants had a mean personal recovery score of 20.29 (SD: 9.31, Range: 8–40). Personal recovery was predicted by both socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Older age (r = −0.17, p < 0.001), being female (r = −2.29, p = 0.019), and higher disability (r = −0.22, p < 0.001) were independently associated with worse personal recovery, while having a college education (r = 5.49, p = 0.002), and higher functioning (r = 0.09, p = 0.017) were independently associated with better personal recovery.Conclusion: Interventions to improve recovery among PLS may be best served by reducing the impact of disability and improving functioning, with targeted interventions for individuals who are older, female and less educated in order to increase their likelihood of recovery.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating, severe mental illness identified by positive and negative symptoms and social and occupational dysfunction, causing huge disease burden worldwide [1, 2]
Recovery of Schizophrenia schizophrenia has been pessimistically viewed as a disease from which there is a poor recovery, with only 20% returning to premorbid levels of functioning, 20% have continuing decline, and the rest 60% neither improve nor decline, and most people living with schizophrenia (PLS) need long-term medication and guardianship [5, 6]
Sample size was calculated according to the form for cross-sectional study: n = z2 P (1-P)/E2, where P was estimated at 50% based on past studies, Z was set as 1.96 at a confidence interval of 95%, allowable error was set as 5%, the final sample size came to 384
Summary
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating, severe mental illness identified by positive and negative symptoms and social and occupational dysfunction, causing huge disease burden worldwide [1, 2]. Recovery of Schizophrenia schizophrenia has been pessimistically viewed as a disease from which there is a poor recovery, with only 20% returning to premorbid levels of functioning, 20% have continuing decline, and the rest 60% neither improve nor decline, and most people living with schizophrenia (PLS) need long-term medication and guardianship [5, 6]. This pessimistic view has been challenged by abundant long-term studies demonstrating good outcomes among PLS. Consistent with this research, there is a growing consumer movement with a central focus on the concept of recovery [6]
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