Abstract
Exposure to loud music—due to widespread personal music players (PMPs) and noisy leisure activities—are major risk factors for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in adolescents. However, there is little evidence of the impact of noise on the hearing of younger children. This study aimed to explore an association between PMP use and hearing, and to identify other sources of noise among children. The study sample consisted of 1032 children aged 11–12 years old. Hearing thresholds were determined from 0.5 to 8 kHz. PMP use and other noise exposures were evaluated using a survey. We found that 82% of the children had a PMP, and 78% were exposed to noise when playing computer games. An audiometric notch was documented in 1.3% of the children. Only 11.5% of the children ever used hearing protection while engaged in noisy activities. We found no convincing evidence of an association between PMP use and hearing thresholds, although our results suggest that tinnitus may be an early sign of NIHL in young children. The study shows a need to provide children, their parents, and educators with knowledge of how to take care of hearing, including how to avoid and minimize noise exposure.
Highlights
Noise exposure is a common component of life which negatively affects human health
We found that 82% of the children had a personal music players (PMPs), and 78% of the children were exposed to noise when playing computer games
Our findings show that children aged 11–12 years are exposed to leisure noise and PMP use is its considerable source
Summary
Noise exposure is a common component of life which negatively affects human health. Some people are exposed to constant but lower noise, not high enough to have a direct effect, but inducing various health problems [8,9]. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) can result from both a single sudden noise (acoustic trauma) or from long-term steady noise [10]. It can injure the eardrum or middle-ear ossicles, damage hair cells in the cochlea [11,12,13], and affect the auditory nerve and its myelin sheath [14]. NIHL is typically revealed by a notch in the audiogram at
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