Personal and Family Perfectionism in Chinese School Students: Relationships with Learning Stress, Learning Satisfaction and Self-Reported Academic Performance Level

Abstract

The present study investigated the types of personal and family perfectionism, and their associations with learning stress, learning satisfaction, and self-reported academic performance level among 1020 Chinese elementary and high school students. Participants were categorized into three types for both perfectionists and perfectionistic families using cluster analysis. Subtypes were identified for perfectionists with regard to perfectionistic families. Adaptive perfectionists, who perceived their families as adaptive perfectionistic, reported better psychological outcome than other subtypes. Family perfectionism explained an additional 1–14 % of variances in psychological outcome over personal perfectionism. The findings suggest that family perfectionism plays a role in psychological outcome.