Person-Centered Climate, Garden Greenery and Well-Being among Nursing Home Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Nursing home residents' well-being is often proxy-rated in studies, and few studies have explored the association between resident-rated person-centered climate, garden greenery, and resident-rated well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaire data from a convenient sample of 470 nursing home residents in a city in Southeast China in 2021 were analyzed using multiple linear regressions, with block-wise models. The instruments used were the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-Patient version, the Nursing Home Greenery Index, and, for well-being, the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale, the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (depression symptoms). In the unadjusted models, the person-centered climate was positively associated with general health (β 0.29, p < 0.001), person-centered climate and greenery with life satisfaction (β 0.39, and 0.18; both p < 0.001), and negatively with depression (β -0.28, and β -0.23, both p < 0.001). After adjusting for personal and nursing home characteristics, the associations between person-centered climate, greenery, and well-being remained statistically significant. The three models explained 36%, 35%, and 21% of the variance in general health, life satisfaction, and depression, respectively. This study provides knowledge on person-centered climate in long-term care and the access to greenery.