Persistent Elevation of Opening Pressure Despite Treatment and Symptom Resolution in Pediatric Intracranial Hypertension

Abstract

BackgroundCurrently no guidelines for repeating a lumbar puncture to guide management in primary intracranial hypertension (PIH) exist. MethodsAn institutional database of patients 18 years and younger followed in the institution’s pediatric intracranial hypertension clinic was examined for opening pressure changes in PIH at diagnosis, before medication wean, and following medication wean, as well as to examine whether measurements at the time of diagnosis differed between those with and without disease recurrence. ResultsForty-two patients were included in this study; 36% were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 11.01 years. Treatment duration averaged 9.68 months in those without recurrence and 8.5 months in those with recurrence. Average body mass index percentile of patients with disease recurrence was 83.7 and 72.1 in those without recurrence (P = 0.16). Average opening pressure values of all patients at diagnosis, prewean, and postwean was 36.53 cm H2O, 30.7 cm H2O, and 31.1 cm H2O, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in opening pressures across these time points (P = 0.14). The change in opening pressure from diagnosis to postwean was statistically significant with a reduction of 5.18 cm H2O (P = 0.04). There was no statistical difference between change in opening pressure at diagnosis versus postwean between those with and without recurrence (P = 0.17). ConclusionsThis clinical observational study suggests that mean opening pressure measurements in patients with PIH remain elevated both before and after medication wean despite papilledema resolution and patient-reported PIH symptoms. Clinically, this suggests that other features such as signs of optic disc edema and symptoms should be used to inform a clinical determination of disease recurrence and treatment course.