Abstract
The Yellow River (or Huanghe and also known as China’s Sorrow in ancient times), with the highest sediment load in the world, provides a key link between continental erosion and sediment accumulation in the western Pacific Ocean. However, the exact age of its influence on the marginal sea is highly controversial and uncertain. Here we present high-resolution records of clay minerals and lanthanum to samarium (La/Sm) ratio spanning the past ~1 million years (Myr) from the Bohai and Yellow Seas, the potential sedimentary sinks of the Yellow River. Our results show a climate-driven provenance shift from small, proximal mountain rivers-dominance to the Yellow River-dominance at ~880 ka, a time period consistent with the Mid-Pleistocene orbital shift from 41-kyr to 100-kyr cyclicity. We compare the age of this provenance shift with the available age data for Yellow River headwater integration into the marginal seas and suggest that the persistent influence of the Yellow River on the Chinese marginal seas must have occurred at least ~880 ka ago. To our knowledge, this study provides the first offshore evidence on the drainage history of the Yellow River within an accurate chronology framework.
Highlights
Earth’s geomorphological features, especially surface drainage patterns, are sculpted by large river systems[1], such as the Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Yangtze and Yellow Rivers over tectonic-millennial timescales
Sediments in the Chinese marginal seas delivered by the Yellow River may contain authentic mineralogical and geochemical evidence and could provide direct insights into the final integration and subsequent evolution of the Yellow River, especially the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea which serves as the potential sedimentary sinks of the Yellow River
A prominent feature in clay mineral assemblages of core BH08 is that the relative content of illite is much higher, whereas the relative content of smectite is much lower in the upper ~150 m of core BH08 (Supplementary Fig. 1b and d)
Summary
Earth’s geomorphological features, especially surface drainage patterns, are sculpted by large river systems[1], such as the Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Yangtze and Yellow Rivers over tectonic-millennial timescales. The interactions of such large river systems with marginal seas largely regulate biogeochemical cycles[2, 3], primary productivity[4] and marine sedimentary formation[5] in the continental shelves. Our results show a climate-driven shift in sediment source from small, proximal mountain rivers-dominance to the Yellow River-dominance at ~880 ka, and suggest that the persistent effects of the Yellow River on Chinese marginal seas must have occurred at least ~880 ka ago
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