Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of pendimethalin and its impact on Swiss chard, as the succeeding crop in the crop rotation, using the bioassay method, by means of the morphological parameters measurement. In applying the tested concentrations of pendimethalin from 0.2475 to 3.96 ppm, the inhibition of certain measured parameters of the Swiss chard tested plants was demonstrated: root growth suppression in the range of 3.91 to 55.47 %, root fresh weight reduction from 5.56 to 55.56 %, reduction of shoot fresh weight from 2.2 to 44.35 % and the reduction of fresh weight of the whole plant in the range of 2.5 to 46.17 %. Inhibition of the fresh root weight a the most sensitive parameter in relation to the applied rates of the herbicide, was demonstrated, while the shoot fresh weight is a parameter that was not sensitive enough. Significant growth inhibition of all measured parameters was observed at pendimethalin concentrations above 0.99 ppm.
Highlights
Pendimethalin is a selective herbicide of the dinithroaniline class that plants absorb by roots and leaves
Based on obtained results (Table 2) it is observable that the higher herbicide concentration was the lower germination was, and the growth of Swiss chard was inhibited
Etiolation or whitening of Swiss chard leaves occurred at the lowest herbicide concentrations
Summary
Pendimethalin is a selective herbicide of the dinithroaniline class that plants absorb by roots and leaves. It inhibits the formation of microtubules by which the Received: 4.4.2016. Cell division is ceased, after which plants dye immediately after germination (Janjić, 2005). Unlike other compounds, these compounds do not accumulate in plants and their organs. These compounds do not accumulate in plants and their organs They are leached fast from the soil or are degraded in the process of denitration to the non-toxic final products (Xu et al, 2007). Degradation in the soil is done by oxidation of the 4-methyl group to carboxylic acid, dealklisaton of the amino groups and by the reduction of the nitro group (Kramer and Schirmer, 2007; Chopra et al, 2015)
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