Abstract
The exploration of new green, ecofriendly bioactive compounds has attracted the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide to avoid the harmful effects of chemically synthesized compounds. Persicaria lapathifolia has been reported to have various bioactive compounds, while its essential oil (EO) has not been determined yet. The current work dealt with the first description of the chemical composition of the EO from the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia, along with studying its free radical scavenging activity and herbicidal effect on the weed Echinochloa colona. Twenty-one volatile compounds were identified via GC–MS analysis. Nonterpenoids were the main components, with a relative concentration of 58.69%, in addition to terpenoids (37.86%) and carotenoid-derived compounds (1.75%). n-dodecanal (22.61%), α-humulene (11.29%), 2,4-dimethylicosane (8.97%), 2E-hexenoic acid (8.04%), γ-nonalactone (3.51%), and limonene (3.09%) were characterized as main compounds. The extracted EO exhibited substantial allelopathic activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of the weed E. colona in a dose-dependent manner, showing IC50 values of 77.27, 60.84, and 33.80 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the P. lapathifolia EO showed substantial antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EO attained IC50 values of 159.69 and 230.43 mg L−1, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, while ascorbic acid exhibited IC50 values 47.49 and 56.68 mg L−1, respectively. The present results showed that the emergent leafy stems of aquatic plants such as P. lapathifolia have considerably low content of the EO, which exhibited substantial activities such as antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Further study is recommended to evaluate the effects of various environmental and climatic conditions on the production and composition of the EOs of P. lapathifolia.
Highlights
Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of small compounds, and they have been documented to have persuasive medicinal potentialities including antioxidant [1,2], antibacterial [3,4], anti-inflammatory [5], anticancer [6], antiaging [2] antipyretic [5], and other activities
The preponderance of the alkyl aldehyde, n-dodecanal, in the EO of P. lapathifolia is in harmony with the published data on the EOs of Vietnamese and Australian P. odorata [28,30]
The present study showed that the EO of the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia could be used in the management of weeds as a green, ecofriendly herbicide, against species of Echinochloa, including E. colona, which has been reported to be resistant against herbicides [52]
Summary
Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of small compounds, and they have been documented to have persuasive medicinal potentialities including antioxidant [1,2], antibacterial [3,4], anti-inflammatory [5], anticancer [6], antiaging [2] antipyretic [5], and other activities. Because of these activities, EOs have been integrated into the food and cosmetics industries [7]. Understanding this biological phenomenon aids the development of applications for natural and Aaglrleicloupltautrhayl issydsteefimnsed[1a0s].thAellcehloepmaitchailciinntteerrfaecretinocnesbaertewceoennsipdlearnetds [t9o].bUencdruercsiatalnfdoriasaaichttnvp[fnnhr6ruhgnvaauoiiflg,eecrvabder1rtucmiinirteu2ctsaleeaiehd,auuttbisp1dbniicbilslcolo4rsuaycteico,nonuilla,ns1enbsimfsrt5hsdaagiyaitms]oiannhva,la.salvfnadaoaciloslTlnletoilncfuygelehageimayleslimlnbeoocobtncwitsepuacwpaihnecemlhleninairiavtnettfpdtrhyErasyiehmgeatahsiOr,iys[nciienvei1nicavtscsnc[ee0opwlvea1telr]ohmalaels1.iipasmnatstlws–ponhlrtiAvc1aeviteipetece4nhttslentahhsel]stiafeo.ptctsei,rpathinlonEoravogalgyosaimOnnepapenaymniddra[lsitssntam1dewtittsfsmanh1srresrtieirfe–otaminneeicewst1nmcearghsds4aridecte,e.nos]iovecko.a,TbtaswdhdaenenaEeiyrrasyerodnmieOisa,artvotdtehnaacaapsemeulcstdemlpesaitofktimoterrhrgcowhpseanreorres.eyeimtomosissnauTylbewtdgematereisialceernvoimtseprosnerh,attmelmanawparadcooeigneeowgiaofeafcnnrtnatruttowsaiaaeteehisdfstpnrthrerieuiiemadnisepaowcremmtdevanoleindiinrlse,wnoclodleedieawa[ntbnsdlet6eltnyteeggoeaip,n,drte1oidptolhmtmstn2ena,hsapa,rgns,bs1tpireevnhaertc4eaocfesopmilio,oisrnic1cweolnntrh5ogrosatsrtiuat]hwsnettpndh.sveytcenaetpiT,dieyristtcavonmehe,uttalrbfcasruaesrsipiuifreasrabtesowieoaeermllutasirinlarneEbtltaetdneitieia[lnOcoohrltec8idnooyedsnneess]s--t--,. fOrovmer w30e0e0dsp, laanndt sppoescsieessshaawveidbeeaelnleslotupdaitehdicfsopretchtreuirmE[O8]c. oOmvperos3i0ti0o0np, laanndt shpuencidersehdasvoef btheeesnesEtuOdsihedavfeorbetheenirprEoOducocemdpcoosmitmioner,cainaldlyh[u1n6]d.rIendcsoonfsethqeuseenEceO, sthheaevxepbloereantipornoodfunceewd cEoOmsmfreormciavllayri[o1u6s]. wInilcdonpslaenqtusewncieth, tbhieoleoxgpilcoarlaaticotinvoitfiensehwasEOatstrfarcotmedvtahreioautstewntiilodnpolafnrteswseiathrcbhieorlsogaincdalsacciteinvtiitsietss whaosraldttwraicdtee.d the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide
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