Abstract
Salvadora persica L. is a popular chewing stick commonly known as “miswak”. During our ongoing research activities on the chemical constituents of Salvadora persica roots, which is a new sulphur-containing imidazoline alkaloid 1,3-Dibenzyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-butyl)-1,3-dihydro-imidazole-2-thione, persicaline, (1) along with five known compounds (2–6) are identified. Compounds (2, 3) were reported for the first time from the family Salvadoraeceae. The structure of the new compound was established by extensive spectroscopic data and HR-MS. The antioxidant activities of the fractions and isolates were evaluated using different in vitro methods, such as DPPH, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals scavenging assays. Compound (1) showed a promising antioxidant activity with IC50 0.1, 0.08, and 0.09 µM in the three assays, respectively, comparable to ascorbic acid.
Highlights
Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraeceae), commonly known as meswak, araak, and pilu, is one of the most popular medicinal plants among Muslim population [1]. It is used for centuries as a natural toothbrush and has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for oral hygiene [2]
In superoxide radical scavenging assay, the results indicated that moderate activity was shown for petroleum ether fraction with IC50 equals 60 μg/mL, while the alkaloid-rich, the total alcohol extract and non-basic fractions exhibited stronger activities with IC50 values of 36, 20, and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively
The nitrogenous compound (1) obtained in our present study represents a novel type that has never been reported from the secondary metabolites of this plant
Summary
Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraeceae), commonly known as meswak, araak, and pilu, is one of the most popular medicinal plants among Muslim population [1]. (Salvadoraeceae), commonly known as meswak, araak, and pilu, is one of the most popular medicinal plants among Muslim population [1]. It is used for centuries as a natural toothbrush and has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for oral hygiene [2]. From the phytochemical point of view, the roots are rich source of elemental sulphur, salvadourea, m-anisic acid, and benzyl isothiocyanate, which has antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus-1 that affects oral cavity [3]. Chemical investigation of S. persica indicates the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds in the sticks, such as pyrrolidine, pyrrole, and piperidine derivatives [7]. A study in 2017 revealed 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and
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