Persian gardens in Indian Subcontinent and Comparing of the Shalimar garden and Chehel Sotoun

Abstract

Persian Garden is known as one of the most significant styles of gardening and landscape architecture in the world and long has been admired and praised by other nations. This modeling of the Persian garden's which has being used by various nations, dates back to the era of the cultural relations between Iran and other nations through history. Will Durant in his book: Story of Civilization believed this influence and imitation contribution of Iran in the formation of a global civilization. After the establishment of Mughol Governors in India, (Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, etc. (1526–1707)) and changing of their lifestyle, they used Persian gardening style on their cities. By the study of climate condition in India and its differences with Iran, we can find out four types of Persian Garden in India. They are: Pavilion Gardens, Gardens, Gardens and Garden-Home. Because of climatic and cultural difference between Iran and India to two types of Persian Faced with a more welcome in India, They are: Water gardens and Tomb These two type of gardening used in many Persian in Gourkanid period in Iran. According to Ellison Banks Findly in her book (Nur Jahan, Empress of Mughol India), The of Mughol India took their pattern from centuries-old Persian antecedents. The standard form of the paradise garden used idealized treatments of irrigated water as the symbols for the spiritual and physical source of life and exceptional species of living things to mark out space along perfected lines. In its most basic form, the Persian garden had four water channels, each crossing into the center of the garden and creating four orderly quadrants (hence the name char- bagh). These channels were ordinarily placed above the level of the surrounding grounds so that their waters might feed the lines of trees planted along their banks as well as the fruits and flowers growing out with in the quadrants and beyond. (Findly 1993) Therefore the designs of Indian during the mentioned era were directly under the influence of Persian Garden. In this article, are paid research and evaluation the impact of comparison between Shalimar Bagh (in India) and ChehelSotoun (in Iran).