Abstract
Significant problems have arisen in recent years, such as global warming and hunger. These complications are related to the depletion and exploitation of natural resources, as well as environmental pollution. In this context, bioprocesses and biorefinery can be used to manage agro-industrial wastes for obtaining high-value-added products. A large number of by-products are composed of lignin and cellulose, having the potential to be exploited sustainably for chemical and biological conversion. The biorefinery of agro-industrial wastes has applications in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, medicine, material engineering, and environmental remediation. A comprehensive approach has been developed toward the agro-industrial management of avocado (Persea americana) biomass waste, which can be transformed into high-value-added products to mitigate global warming, save non-renewable energy, and contribute to health and science. Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive review on avocado fruit waste biorefinery and its possible applications as biofuel, as drugs, as bioplastics, in the environmental field, and in emerging nanotechnological opportunities for economic and scientific growth.
Highlights
Accepted: 20 May 2021For years, the world has focused on economic development without any concern or planning regarding the exploitation of natural resources [1]
Gu et al proposed the use of supercritical CO2 (SC–CO2) explosion pretreatment as a green solvent to treat the biomass before enzyme hydrolysis [98]
The biobased polymer approach takes advantage of polysaccharides in the avocado peel and seeds, where chemical and/or microbiological treatments can transform these wastes into biomaterials such as polylactic acid (PLA), nanocellulose fibers (NCFs), and polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) [7]
Summary
The world has focused on economic development without any concern or planning regarding the exploitation of natural resources [1]. Agro-industrial waste is mainly composed of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), which has gained attention in material and chemical engineering. Due to its 2outstanding properties (e.g., mechanical, thermal, renewability, wide availability, non-toxicity, low cost, and biodegradability) it is regarded as a novel alternative for obtaining high-value-added et al recently used empty palm fruit and biodegradability) it isproducts regarded[7]. Avocado (Persea americana) industrial wastes are being addressed with and fermentation for bioethanol production [8]. Of this fruit waste is mandatory to provide solution this problem compared avocado fruit sizes (small, medium, large) regarding and to thethree needdifferent for creating sustainable economic growth.
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