Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells had attracted extensive attention due to their high-power conversion efficiency and low cost. The morphology and structure of the light absorption layer are crucially important for the device performance. The one-dimensional or two dimensional nano-structure perovskite material exhibits better optical and electrical properties than three-dimensional bulk perovskite. In this article, the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with one-dimensional nanowires structure were prepared while using the solution method with N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvent under atmospheric environment. During the perovskite thin films growth, the DMSO solvent as a structure directing agent played a guiding role in the formation of nanowires. The effects of DMSO solvent added ratio on the perovskite thin film structure, morphology, optical properties, and the device performance were studied. By changing the ratio of DMSO solvent added can effectively adjust the orientation order and optical properties of the nanowires perovskite thin films. The results showed that the best ratio of DMSO solvent added in the mixed solvent was 10%. The high order orientation of the perovskite thin film with nanowires forest was obtained. It showed the high optical absorption and electrical properties. The perovskite absorption layer presents ordered and dispersed nanowires forest; the device power conversation efficiency is increased by 50% when compared with the perovskite layer presents disordered nanowires.
Highlights
In the past few years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials CH3 NH3 PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) have been received great attention owing to their high optical absorption coefficient, micron-sized carrier diffusion length, double charge transfer, and long carrier lifetime [1,2,3]
Perovskite materials have been introduced into solar cells as light absorption layers, and the power conversion efficiency of solar cells increased from 3.8% to 23.3% [4]
In the perovskite solar cells, the morphology and structure of the optical absorption layer played an important role in the device performance
Summary
The nucleation and crystallization rate of the perovskite film can be adjusted by adding different proportions of solvent into the precursor solutions. In combination with the above problems, we report a simple solution method for fabricating 1D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3 NH3 PbI3 nanowires with DMF and DMSO mixed solvents under atmospheric environment. The nanowires perovskite thin film structure, morphology and optical performance are sensitive to the ratio of DMSO solvent added. With the DMSO solvent, it promoted uniform nucleation, improved the morphology and crystallinity, and produced the film of nanowires structure with high crystallinity and order orientation. The effect of DMSO added ratio on the precursor solution fluorescence performance, the perovskite structure, morphology, and optical and electrical properties have been investigated. The best ratio of DMSO solvent added has been optimized
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