Abstract
The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved throughout the years. These photovoltaic (PV) cells can be used to power Internet of Things (IoT) devices for indoor applications. A perovskite PV energy harvesting system with a stand-by battery that continuously powers an IoT device is developed in this work. The battery is required to complement the PSCs when the latter have difficulties in power delivery during low or no irradiance. The performance of the energy harvesting circuit as well as the battery charge and discharge scenarios are investigated. Voltage matching between the PSC and the battery is achieved by a boost converter. The PSC energy harvesting system uses fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which utilizes a Sample and Hold (S&H) circuit. The FOCV technique is based on a comparison of the perovskite PV open circuit voltages and the maximum power points. For each irradiance level, the maximum power point is unique, and this work uses a light-dependent resistor (LDR) to adjust the scaling constant in MPPT. Case studies include various scenarios under 1000 lux fluorescent light and 1 sun irradiance as well as a consideration of different battery states.
Highlights
Earlier energy independence for devices is commonly achieved by using replaceable batteries
The light-dependent resistor (LDR) is placed near the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with the active surface facing the same direction as the PSC—towards the light
The results of the proposed energy harvesting system are discussed
Summary
Earlier energy independence for devices is commonly achieved by using replaceable batteries. The possibility of making Internet of Things (IoT) devices energy-autonomous can be realized due to recent advancements in energy sources. Abdelmoaty et al [7] reduced the power consumption of the circuit by modifying the Hill Climbing (HC) MPPT technique Some researchers, such as Kantareddy et al [8], tried using the emerging perovskite PV cells to power the sensors in battery-less applications. Such an approach could work in offices and indoors, where the light is always on. Energy harvesting systems can be used to feed the load and charge the battery simultaneously, whereas studies define their systems for a certain application. A light-dependent resistor (LDR)-assisted fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) MPPT with a sample and hold circuit is used to maximize the PSC energy harvest
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