Perovskite Nanostructure Films for Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs) having different dimensionalities are considered as stable alternatives to the 3D bulk perovskites as photo absorbers in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The MHP NCs with confinement effects along one or more directions can be synthesized in a relatively more pure form than the bulk perovskites as a result of the coordination of surface ligands with the perovskite phase. Moreover, the MHP NC growth and crystallization, morphology changes, and crystallographic facet engineering largely depend on the reaction conditions, the choice of ligands, as well as the precursor type and concentration. Despite having very rich electronic and optical properties both in the solution and in the films, the MHP NC films are limited by the impediments of NC-connectivity and carrier trapping. Herein, appropriate passivation methods and antisolvent treatment are needed to render good quality films with bright luminescence. This perspective highlights the advantages and challenges of the MHP nanostructures for photovoltaics and optoelectronics due to their nucleation and growth processes, film preparation, surface chemistry, dimensionality, and electronic and optical properties.