Perovskite CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Prepared Using Discarded Lead–Acid Battery Recycled Waste

Lung-Chien Chen,Zong-Liang Tseng,Jianjun Tian,Hao-Tian Chen,Ching-Ho Tien,Kun-Yi Lee,Hao-Chung Kuo,An-Cheng Sun,Sin-Liang Ou

doi:10.3390/en12061117

Abstract

Perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) recovery was performed using lead scrap from lead storage batteries. The perovskite CsPbBr3-QD characteristics were analyzed using different PbO/recycled PbO2 ratios. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the film surface morphology and cross-section. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the perovskite CsPbBr3-QDs’ structural characteristics. A photoluminescence (PL) measurement system was used to analyze the optical properties. The results show that lead scrap from lead–acid batteries as a material for perovskite CsPbBr3-QD production can be successfully synthesized. This saves material and also proves that recycling is valuable. The proposed approach is helpful for future material shortages and materials not easily accessible. Although the efficiency is not very high, this process will be purified using recycled lead in the future to achieve higher quantum yield.

Highlights

Organometallic halide perovskite material has special optical and electrical properties due to its unique properties [1–4]
The collected materials were ground into a powder using a mortar and pestle as the recycled PbO2 and ready for the synthesis
It was illustrated that the two dominant diffraction peaks of the CsPbBr peak of ~30

Summary

Introduction

Organometallic halide perovskite material has special optical and electrical properties due to its unique properties [1–4]. The high absorption coefficient has very good absorption in the entire visible light region, and the perovskite material characteristics allow it to fully absorb sunlight during operation and reduce energy loss in the photoelectric conversion process [5–8]. Perovskite material has a low exciton binding energy, can be excited by light. Organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites, Energies 2019, 12, 1117; doi:10.3390/en12061117 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Energies 2019, 12, 1117 such as MAPbX3 (MA = CH3 NH3 ; X = Cl, Br, I), have attracted widespread attention due to their outstanding performance in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic devices [9–17]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a perovskite solar cell is up to 23.7% in 2019 [18]. Due to band gap tunability (400–800 nm) and narrow emission band of approximately 20 nm, the organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites are considered emission components for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (PC-WLED) and electroluminescent (EL) devices in wide-gamut color displays [15,19–21]

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Results

Conclusion