Permissive Hypertension and Collateral Revascularization May Allow Avoidance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Abstract

The utility of cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) for prevention of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) remains unclear. We previously published our institutional algorithm restricting preoperative CSFD to patients deemed high risk for SCI. Since that publication, our algorithm has evolved with preoperative CSFD avoided in all patients undergoing isolated descending TEVAR with or without arch involvement (+/- arch TEVAR). This study evaluated the updated algorithm in a contemporary cohort. Patients who underwent TEVAR for descending aortic+/-arch pathology between February 2012 and September 2018 at a single center were identified from an institutional aortic surgery database. The algorithm includes left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization in cases of coverage with no preservation of antegrade flow, permissive hypertension, and use of evoked potential monitoring. The primary end points were SCI or postoperative CSFD. During the study interval, 225 patients underwent descending+/- arch TEVAR. CSFD was used before TEVAR in 2 patients (0.9%) in violation of the algorithm, and they were excluded from the study cohort. Endograft coverage below T6 occurred in 81%. The LSA was fully covered in 100 patients (47%), all of whom underwent LSA revascularization. Following the updated algorithm, the incidence of temporary or permanent SCI was 0%. No patient required postoperative CSFD. A restrictive lumbar CSFD algorithm, including permissive hypertension and LSA revascularization in the setting of descending+/- arch TEVAR, appears safe, with a 0% incidence of SCI in 223 consecutive patients treated during a 6.5-year interval. We recommend consideration of further prospective study to evaluate this algorithm.