Abstract
In this study, we locate and characterise the main seismic noise sources in the region of the Vatnajökull icecap (Iceland). Vatnajökull is the largest Icelandic icecap, covering several active volcanoes. The seismic context is very complex, with glacial and volcanic events occurring simultaneously and the classification between the two can become cumbersome. Using seismic interferometry on continuous seismic data (2011–2019), we calculate the propagation velocities and locate the main seismic sources by using hyperbolicas geometry and a grid-search method. We identify and characterise permanent oceanic sources, seasonal glacial-related sources, and episodic volcanic sources. These results give a better understanding of the background seismic noise sources in this region and could allow the identification of seismic sources associated with potentially threatening events in real-time.
Highlights
Iceland is an Atlantic island resulting from the interactions between a mantle plume and plate spreading along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, processes which have generated intense volcanism
Extracting the lag time corresponding to the maximal amplitude, for each pair of stations and their interstation distance, allows the computation of a linear regression to obtain an estimate of the propagation velocity for each frequency band (Figure 3)
The propagation velocity is set at .8 km s−
Summary
Iceland is an Atlantic island resulting from the interactions between a mantle plume and plate spreading along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, processes which have generated intense volcanism. The volcanic and seismic activity is primarily generated along the plate boundary across Iceland [Sigmundsson 2006]. Iceland’s construction started approximately 24 million years ago [Thordarson and Larsen 2007]. The Icelandic hotspot is moving and currently located beneath the northwest part of the Vatnajökull icecap [Martin et al 2011]. 30 volcanic systems are considered active on the island, each of them consisting of one central volcano associated with fissure swarms and, often, geothermal areas [Thordarson and Larsen 2007].
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