Abstract
At least 250 cave burials along the Meuse river basin of Belgium yield prehistoric remains, and most date from the Late Neolithic period. Several have been radiocarbon dated, including the early/late Neolithic deposits of Hastière Caverne M and Hastière Trou Garçon C and the final/late Neolithic caves of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. An additional collective burial, Maurenne Caverne de la Cave is radiocarbon dated to the Middle Neolithic and final/late Neolithic periods, circa 4,635 to 3,830 BP, encompassing the range of dates for the other collective burials. Most individuals are represented by fragmentary gnathic remains with in situ dental elements. Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) scores of permanent molars are employed to examine whether differences within and between the caves exist, and whether chronology and ecogeography can account for the variation in traits. The final/late Neolithic cave of Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distinct cave burial, and Hastière Caverne M, possibly the earliest site, emerge as the most distinctive. The final/late Neolithic sites of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame exhibit the greatest variability of trait expression. These results bear on the mobility and continuity of human groups in Belgium during the terminus of the Neolithic prior to the Bronze Age.
Highlights
At least 250 cave burials along the Meuse river basin of Belgium yield prehistoric remains, and most date from the Late Neolithic period
Maurenne and Bois Madame are similar in their tern, at the final/late Neolithic cave low to absent expression of the metaconule on M2 burials, is further evidenced by the relatively large and M3 (Table 3)
Comparable frequencies for the collective burials of Late Neolithic Belgium Acknowledgments for this trait exist at Hastiére M and to a lesser ex- Permission to examine these Neolithic remains in tent, Bois Madame (Table 4)
Summary
Given the scarcity of habitation sites, these prehis- late Neolithic dates from Maurenne suggest this toric peoples are primarily known from their re- collective burial is more likely to resemble later mains in funerary caves and rockshelters. Comingled remains comprise a majority of the fu- rockshelter (Hastière M and Trou Garçon) and nerary deposits (Toussaint et al, 2001; Toussaint, Maurenne should be more similar to one another, 2007; Polet, 2011). At some caves, such as Bois and secondarily to Bois Madame, whereas. The mixture of individu- Materials and Methods als within these collective burials could have arisen A total of 127 individuals from the five caves were examined
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