Abstract

There is a large gap between primitive bruxism detectors and sophisticated clinical machines for jaw kinematics evaluation. Large, expensive clinical appliances can precisely record jaw motion, but completely restrain the patient for the duration of the test. Wearable bruxism detectors allow continuously counting and recording bites, but provide no information about jaw movement trajectories. Previously, we developed a permanent magnet and three-axis magnetometer-based method for wearable, intra-oral continuous jaw position registration. In this work, we present an effective solution of the two main drawbacks of the method. Firstly, a two-adjacent-magnetometer approach is able to compensate for background magnetic fields with no reference sensor outside of the system’s magnetic field. Secondly, jaw rotational angles were included in the position calculations, by applying trigonometric equations that link the translation of the jaw to its rotation. This way, we were able to use a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) magnetic position determination method to track the positions of the 5-DOF human masticatory system. To validate the method, finite element modeling and a 6-DOF robotic arm (0.01 mm, 0.01°) were used, which showed a 37% decrease in error in the average RMSE = 0.17 mm. The method’s potentially can be utilized in small-scale, low-power, wearable intra-oral devices for continuous jaw motion recording.

Highlights

  • A method for intra-oral 24 h continuous jaw position tracking could open up unprecedented opportunities in jaw research

  • To fill the gap between primitive mastication detectors and sophisticated clinical appliances, a magnetic method for intra-oral jaw position determination was proposed in our previous research [8]

  • We aimed to prove that both position estimation and background magnetic field (BMF) values can be solved simultaneously, by using data from two adjacent magnetometers, fixed close (22 mm) to each other

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Summary

Introduction

A method for intra-oral 24 h continuous jaw position tracking could open up unprecedented opportunities in jaw research. Current solutions for precise jaw kinematics evaluation are external and stationary appliances that are unfit for continuous use [1,2,3] Such a method would be very perspective in bruxism diagnostics. Available devices for bruxism diagnostics are either based on masseter muscle EMG [6] or occlusal splints with integrated pressure sensors [7] Such devices are suitable for confirming the condition and providing biofeedback for damage prevention. The position of the reference magnetometer (in relation to the main magnetometer) must be known and constant In such a case, both sensors could be used inside of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, which would significantly reduce the size of the system. Euclidean distance Finite element model Root-mean-squared error Standard deviation

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