Abstract
This paper overviews high-speed permanent magnet (HSPM) machines, accounting for stator structures, winding configurations, rotor constructions, and parasitic effects. Firstly, single-phase and three-phase PM machines are introduced for high-speed applications. Secondly, for three-phase HSPM machines, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of slotted/slotless stator structures, non-overlapping/overlapping winding configurations, different rotor constructions, i.e., interior PM (IPM), surface-mounted PM (SPM), and solid PM, are summarised in detail. Thirdly, parasitic effects due to high-speed operation are presented, including various loss components, rotor dynamic and vibration, and thermal aspects. Overall, three-phase PM machines have no self-starting issues, and exhibit high power density, high efficiency, high critical speed, together with low vibration and noise, which make them a preferred choice for high-performance, high-speed applications.
Highlights
High-speed electrical machines have been extensively researched in the last few decades for industrial and domestic applications, including compressors, vacuum pumps, turbine generators, machine tools, flywheel energy storages, and so on [1,2,3,4]
The results show that compared with the universal machine, both three-phase and single-phase PM brushless direct current (BLDC) machines have better torque/speed and efficiency/speed performance and less noise and electromagnetic emissions
The slotted stator structure is suitable for the requirement of large output torque, and the slotless stator structure is a better choice for the requirements of low rotor loss and micro-size machine dimension
Summary
High-speed electrical machines have been extensively researched in the last few decades for industrial and domestic applications, including compressors, vacuum pumps, turbine generators, machine tools, flywheel energy storages, and so on [1,2,3,4]. Root of rated output power, i.e., rpm· kW This value can describe the degree of difficulty involved in the design of high-speed machines. Since the dynamic problems can be neglected when the electrical machines operate below 100,000 rpm· kW, electrical machines with a value of more than this could be defined as high-speed machines. Compared with induction machines (IMs), and switched reluctance machines (SRMs), permanent magnet machines (PMMs) have the highest power density and efficiency, lowest mass, and shortest stator active length. This paper reviews the development of high-speed electrical machines, especially for three-phase PMMs. Section 2 analyses the characteristics of single-phase and three-phase. “high-speed electrical machines” will be referred to as “high-speed machines” throughout this paper
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