Abstract
Our study primarily focused on permaculture for sustained agriculture. Permaculture can be a best alternative for modern industrial and commercial based agriculture which has given a good yield at present but, it is deteriorating soil quality and other environmental aspects. More ever it can lead to a global threat in the future due to overuse and somewhere due to unutilized resources which may give rise to the food and economic insecurity. By compiling the different literatures, we reviewed that permaculture enriches soil quality by increasing organic matter in soil thus increasing water retention capacity, infiltration, nutrient availability, microbial activities and decreasing the erosion. Thus, it increases physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. It provides food and economic safety by providing diverse crops, increasing yield and income of farm andproviding least cost inputs with increasing output. It is an efficient in terms of resource use as it utilizes renewable resources and makes connections like a web among resources. This review can be useful information for students, research topic for permaculturists for making it smoother and other environmental enthusiast.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 167-173
Highlights
Permaculture was developed in the early 1970 by two Aussies ecologists Bill Mollison and David Holmgren
Permaculture system seeks for ameliorating the danger and destructiveness resulted by modern agro industrial products such as fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide, insecticide (Gever et al, 1991; Holmgren, 2002)
The four assumptions on which permaculture is based are (1) The environmental crisis is real and if its magnitude increases it will threaten the existence of a society (2) Humans are subjected to some natural laws that teach them to govern the universe (3) The industrial era and population explosion can be attributed to exploitation of cheap abundant fossil fuels (4) The energy resources are scarce but human has unlimited desires so resources will be depleted and human society will return to preindustrial era (Holmgren, 2002)
Summary
Permaculture was developed in the early 1970 by two Aussies ecologists Bill Mollison and David Holmgren. It is used alternatively with agroforestry but we are not familiar more with term permaculture it is practiced from long ago (Tomczak, 2007). It is bounded with the principle that a stable, sustainable culture is possible only if we integrate it with a system of sustainable agriculture (Holmgren, 2002; Whitefield, 2004) It is principally focused on developing the strong relation between community and agriculture with secured status of food and economy for long term agriculture. Principles on which permaculture is based as described by Holmgren (2002) are listed below: 1. Observing and interacting: Beauty is in the eye of beholder
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