Abstract
Periventricular nodular heterotopia is a common neuronal malformation in humans, often leading to epilepsy and other neurologic diseases. A 2‐month‐old female Chihuahua weighing 750 g was examined because of a history of epileptic seizures and abnormalities in gait and behavior. Results of the clinical examination were consistent with a multifocal neurologic disease with localization in the forebrain and spinovestibular system. The magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple bilateral periventricular nodules isointense to gray matter and ventriculomegaly. Histopathological and immunohistological examination of the brain revealed that periventricular nodules consisted of neurons, fewer astrocytes, and some oligodendroglia consistent with periventricular nodular heterotopias.
Highlights
Gray matter heterotopias describe a group of migration disorders in which neuronal cells fail to migrate normally during development of the cerebral cortex.[1]
Focal cortical dysplasias describe a group of heterogeneous malformations that have already been reported in animals, albeit rarely.[10,11,12]
Studies on heterotopias are limited to a cat,[13] a Lagotto Romagnolo dog
Summary
Gray matter heterotopias describe a group of migration disorders in which neuronal cells fail to migrate normally during development of the cerebral cortex.[1] Early in the formation of the cortical laminae, neuronal precursors align at the border of the lateral ventricles. In this ventricular zone, the cells multiply, start to migrate radially with the help of radial glia toward the pial surface and settle in a thick primordial cortex layer, the so-called cortical plate. Each new cohort of neurons migrates past the settled cortical plate neurons until a six-layered cortex is built. This case report describes the clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological, and immunohistological findings of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) in a dog
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