Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the various forms of neuropathies associated with HIV and their pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment strategies. HIV-1 infection is associated with a variety of central and peripheral nerve diseases. The most frequent neurologic complication in the context of HIV infection is peripheral neuropathy. Other patterns of neuropathy include mononeuropathy multiplex, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and progressive polyneuropathy. Pain is the major symptom of HIV peripheral neuropathy, with a major impact on the activities of daily living and the quality of life. The types of peripheral neuropathies and their symptoms, signs, mechanisms, diagnoses, and therapies are summarized in the chapter in a tabulated form. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSP) is the most commonly reported type of neuropathy in HIV infection, affecting approximately one-third of the individuals. Concomitant conditions—such as diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, uremia, vitamin B12 or thiamine deficiencies, weight loss, and low albumin or hemoglobin levels—may increase the risk of the development of HIV-associated neuropathy.
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