Peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in dairy cows with embryonic loss

Essa Dirandeh,M A Sayyar,H Deldar,Z Ansari-Pirsaraei,W W Thatcher

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91535-2

Essa Dirandeh, M A Sayyar + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91535-2

Copy DOI

Abstract

Objective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 16, 32 and 60 after timed (AI) from 200 Holstein cows to determine embryonic loss based on interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA expression (day 16) and ultrasound at day 32 and day 60. Leucocyte expressions of mRNA TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL1B, IL10, STAT3 (inflammation), PTGS2, PTGES (prostaglandin synthesis), and PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP (eicosanoid metabolism) at days 0 and 16 were determined. Plasma redox status for antioxidant enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at days 0, 16, 32 and 60. All antioxidant-redox responses were beneficially significant in pregnant cows diagnosed pregnant at day16 and sustained pregnancy to day 60 compared to non-pregnant cows at day16 or pregnant at day16 and lost embryos by days 32 or 60. The leucocyte mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, STAT 3, IL1B, PTGS2, PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP were greater and PTGES was lower at day16 in pregnant cows that lost embryos early (P < 0.05). In conclusion peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and plasma indicators of OS were altered in pregnant cows undergoing embryonic losses compared to cows with a sustained pregnancy.

Highlights

Objective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows
Nazari et al.[2] reported activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) postpartum were greater in multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 100), with normal luteal activity and lower in cows that lost their pregnancy compared with pregnant cows at days 32 and 60 after after timed (AI)
Expression of interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) is elevated at day 16 in pregnant cows compared to nonpregnant cows and pregnant cows that underwent embryo mortality

Summary

Introduction

Objective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows. The leucocyte mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, STAT 3, IL1B, PTGS2, PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP were greater and PTGES was lower at day[16] in pregnant cows that lost embryos early (P < 0.05). An imbalance (OS) can lead to reproductive diseases such as metritis, retained placenta and endometritis that contribute to decreased pregnancy rate, as well as mastitis that is associated with reproductive disorders (Sordillo 2016)[1,2,3] Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss can develop in response to O S4. Nazari et al.[2] reported activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) postpartum were greater in multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 100), with normal luteal activity and lower in cows that lost their pregnancy compared with pregnant cows at days 32 and 60 after AI. Concentrations of LPS are directly correlated with bacterial load[14,15]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion