Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Congcong Sun,Wenfei Yu,Guoyong Jia,Ying Liu,Chengyuan Song,Xingbang Wang,Yiming Liu,Zhenxiang Zhao

doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01057

Abstract

BackgroundNon-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can even be used as part of the supportive criteria for diagnosis. Chronic inflammation is involved in every stage of PD. Disorders of the immune system affect the peripheral blood. Whether the humoral immune response is associated with the non-motor symptoms of PD remains unknown.MethodsMann–Whitney tests and Bonferroni correction were used to compare the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 between 180 sporadic PD patients and 187 healthy controls. Multiple regression models were conducted to assess the associations among these indicators of humoral immunity and the clinical features of PD patients.ResultsMale PD patients had lower levels of C3 and C4 than healthy controls [0.87 (0.22) vs. 0.96 (0.19); 0.19 (0.06) vs. 0.22 (0.07), respectively, Pc < 0.01] and lower levels of C3 than female PD patients [0.87 (0.22) vs. 1.02 (0.23), Pc < 0.01]. Patients suffering from attention/memory problems had significantly lower levels of IgA and C3 than those without these problems [1.92 (1.21) vs. 2.57 (0.76); 0.89 (0.24) vs. 0.97 (0.24), respectively, Pc < 0.04]. In addition, serum IgG levels were negatively associated with mood/cognition problem scores and were positively associated with gastrointestinal tract problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.063, F = 1.805, p = 0.038). Serum C3 levels were negatively associated with being male, age, and sleep/fatigue problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.123, F = 2.678, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe peripheral humoral immune response might be correlated with the non-motor symptoms of PD.

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-syn) deposition and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) (Rocha et al, 2018)
The peripheral humoral immune response might be correlated with the non-motor symptoms of PD
The Levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 Were Similar Between PD Patients and Healthy Controls

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-syn) deposition and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) (Rocha et al, 2018). Non-motor Symptoms Affect Humoral Immunity elusive, neuroinflammation is considered to be involved in α-syn transmission and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration (Hirsch and Hunot, 2009; Butkovich et al, 2018). Disorders of the immune system affect the central nervous system and the humoral immune response in the peripheral blood (Boyko et al, 2017). Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, are altered in the sera of patients with PD (Gelders et al, 2018; Yilmaz et al, 2018). Whether the humoral immune response is associated with the non-motor symptoms of PD remains unknown

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