Abstract
BackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer, limb amputation as well as coronary heart disease. It is more common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and co-exists with peripheral neuropathy. Prevalence of PAD in type 2 DM patients in northern Nigeria is largely unknown. We investigated the occurrence and factors associated with PAD among patients with type 2 DM in a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross- sectional analytic study. We recruited 200 patients with type 2 DM consecutively from the diabetes clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Ankle brachial index was assessed for each participant. Clinical information, anthropometric indices and blood samples were collected for assay. Data was analysed using CDC Epi-Info and logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent correlates of PAD.RESULTS:PAD was present in 38.5%(n = 77) of subjects and it was associated with the female sex, age ≥ 50 years, Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and low HDL cholesterol levels. However, on multiple logistic regression, a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and a low HDL cholesterol level were independent correlates of PAD(adjusted OR = 2.13,95% CI = 1.04–4.36 and adjusted OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.04–5.15, respectively).ConclusionPAD is present in more than a third of patients with type 2 DM in a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria. A BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 and low HDL cholesterol levels were independent correlates of PAD.
Highlights
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer, limb amputation as well as coronary heart disease
Studies have used the presence of symptoms, the absence of peripheral pulses in the extremities and more recently, ankle brachial index (ABI) to assess PAD
The anthropometric measurements are shown in Table 1: the women had a higher Body mass index (BMI) than the men and this reached statistical significance
Summary
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcer, limb amputation as well as coronary heart disease. It is more common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and co-exists with peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a risk factor for foot ulceration and amputation- more than two-thirds of patients with diabetic foot ulceration have associated PAD [1]. This arthero – occlusive disease of the extremities does increase the risk of coronary artery disease as well [2, 3]. The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for PAD in DM patients with ABI and treatment to prevent further morbidity [2]
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