Abstract
The Peripampasic Arc is a set of low mountains / hills that connects the Andes, as it scatters to the East forming mountainous areas of lower heights in north-eastern Argentina, with the Atlantic coastal range of the Serra do Mar in Brazil. Numerous studies proved its important biogeographic connection for plant and animal phylogenies, but no information of this pattern is known to lichens. The aim of this work is to establish if the dispersion route of the lichenbiota follows the previously known Peripampasic Arc. For this reason, a comparative study of each area regarding its similarities was analyzed, with emphasis on the biota of the Buenos Aires' Sierras. We quantified the similarity and β diversity of 104 saxicolous lichens species. There was a strong similarity between the Sierra de la Ventana and Tandil biota, which in turn is linked to the biotas of Uruguay, the Pampean Sierras and the northwest of Argentina. The lack of subgroups in the Peripampasic Arc implies the arc acts as a functional unit of dispersion, which is the most likely cause for the present lichens' distribution.
Highlights
The high Andean mountain range runs fromNorth to South along the western side of SouthAmerica, passing through western Argentina
There was a strong similarity between the Sierra de la Ventana and Tandil biota, which in turn is linked to the biotas of Uruguay, the Pampean Sierras and the northwest of Argentina
Areas 2 (Ventania) and 1 (Tandilia), as it has been observed by other authors and for various species, this close union is because of the proximity between them, but because it is part of one of the routes of the Peripampasic
Summary
North to South along the western side of South. In central and eastern Argentina, there is a set of scattered hills or ‘Sierras’ that form together with those of southern Uruguay, the so-called. Peripampasic Arc (Figure 1, Frenguelli 1950). Arc, owing to its unique biota, has attracted the interest of geologists and biologists The component sierras of the Arc share various degrees of similarity in their biota, after millions of years of geographic separation 1989, 1993, Mattoni & Acosta 1997, Crisci et al.2001) and they are important for biodiversity conservation from a biogeographic perspective (Szumik et al 2007, Navarro et al 2009, Nori et al 2011). The rocky outcrops of the sierras are separated by forests or grasslands which provide at the same time isolation and connectivity (Aptroot & James 2002, García 2018).
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