Perioperative Optimization and Management of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Patient: A Narrative Review on Updates in Anticoagulation, Hypertension and Diabetes Medications

Abstract

PurposeThe preoperative management guidelines of surgical patients are constantly evolving as newer evidence-based research is published. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons need to be current with the increasingly more complex new drug therapies and updated national association(s) guidelines. This narrative review provides a synopsis with important reference tables for updated preoperative optimization guidelines for anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, antihypertensive management, and glycemic control in the preoperative period for the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient. It also includes the most current anesthesia guidelines on glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists. MethodsThe search strategy utilized pubmed.gov to identify the most recent national society guidelines and review articles pertinent to perioperative anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, antihypertensive management, and glycemic control. ResultsThe search identified 75 articles from the American College of Surgeons, American Heart Association, American Society of Anesthesiologists, American College of Cardiologists, in addition to recent reviews discussing the standard of care for optimization of patients in the perioperative period. ConclusionMedical optimization prior to surgery is important for safe and efficient surgical practice and has been shown to improve overall mortality. This narrative review provides a summary of the current data with recommendations focusing on four key points.