Abstract
Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive non-metastatic bladder cancers. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer often have an increased rate of surgical complications due to comorbidities such as cardiovascular comorbidity, diabetes, and obesity. In these patients, a multidisciplinary approach is required at every stage, from the preoperative period to the postoperative follow-up. Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or blood ejection. The main symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath and fatigue, which can limit exercise tolerance, and fluid retention, which can lead to pulmonary and/or splanchnic congestion and/or peripheral edema. An ejection fraction of ≤40% is defined as low ejection fraction heart failure.
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