Perioperative complications of robotic sacrocolpopexy for post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse

Abstract

Open abdominal sacrocolpopexy has been the preferred treatment for post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. In light of the rise in popularity of less invasive robotic sacrocolpopexy, our objective was to compare perioperative complications of robotic vs open sacrocolpopexy. This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort study of robotic and open sacrocolpopexies. Robotic sacrocolpopexies performed between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009 were compared with open cases performed between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2006. Baseline and intraoperative variables of the groups were compared. Complications were compared univariately and in a multivariable logistic regression model to adjust for prior transabdominal surgery. A total of 50 robotic and 87 open sacrocolpopexies were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar, but patients in the open group had more prior transabdominal surgeries. The robotically assisted group had decreased estimated blood loss (median, 100mL vs 150mL; P = 0.002) and hospital stay (median, 2days vs 3days; P < 0.001), but increased operative time (median, 4.6 vs 2.9h; P < 0.001), cystotomy (10.0% [5 out of 50] vs 1.1% [1 out of 87]; P = 0.02), and vaginotomy (24.0% [12 out of 50] vs 5.7% [5 out of 87]; P = 0.003). Two patients in the robotically assisted group had postoperative hernia. There were no differences in rates of ureteral or bowel injury, urinary tract infection, ileus, bowel obstruction, or overall complications. Overall complication rates of robotic and open sacrocolpopexy were not significantly different. The robotically assisted group experienced shorter hospital stay but increased operative times and increased incidence of cystotomy and vaginotomy, possibly reflecting the learning curve of robotic sacrocolpopexy.