Perioperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional observational study

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has now become the gold standard in treatment of benign gall bladder disease. The intraoperative and immediate postoperative complication cannot be disregarded and remain of concern. The study aims to evaluate the perioperative complications of LC in patients undergoing the surgery.Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this prospective analytical study from a June 2017 to September 2019. They were adequately evaluated and underwent LC in General surgery department of Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur. The relevant clinical details of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results: Among the patients who underwent LC, majority were females. In case of 86 patients, LC was done due to chronic calculous cholecystitis. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open was 6%. The most frequent intraoperative complication was trocar site bleeding and liver bed injury, 7%, followed by bile leakage from gallbladder 6%, bleeding from calots triangle in 4% and spilled gallstones in 2% cases. There was no case of injury to common bile duct, bowel injury or major vascular injury. Amongst the post-operative complications, wound infection was in 1% case. No perioperative mortality was present. The overall rate of complication was 18%.Conclusions: LC is a safe and effective procedure in almost all patients presenting with symptomatic gallbladder disease and remains one of the most frequently performed laparoscopic operations. It has a low rate of mortality and morbidity making this operation a safe procedure with favourable results.